The Course Of The Great Depression Essay Example For Students

The Course Of The Great Depression Essay The Asia turmoil begun in the middle of summer of 1997. The problem started in Thailand when Bath(known as Thaiscurencey) was geting weaker and weaker against US dollars. At that point, the rest of the world started to see that Thaiseconomy was starting to fall apart. Some pople predicted that the problem would not stay longer than a few months. However,it was wrong. As manner of fact, the problem spread amongs some of Asian Countries. Even the mighty Japan was effected bythis problem. United stated of America was also effected by this problem. That was a time that the US stock market was goingdown due to the fact that Many American cooporation invested in this some of Aisan countries. We will write a custom essay on The Course Of The Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Even today, the problem has not been fully recovered and who knows when. CauseThe main problem of the turmoil is the lack of management. Each countries has all similar problem. As we found out in ourresearch, we noticed that banking holds the main role and the key player to the turmoil. Many privates and Governmentbanking loaned too many credit for a big and similar project at the same time without checking the creditors solvency. Ofcourse among the creditor also, the money supposedly . And this is, of course, the second problem of the cause of the turmoil. Third, many creditors believe that their project will become successful without a proper preparation and planing. SolutionMalaysias National Economic Recovery Plan Causes of the Turmoil in the RegionIn todays world, large sums of money move across borders and provide more countries with access to international finance. The daily currency turnover in the foreign exchange market in 1995 is about US$1.2 trillion, compared with an average ofUS$190 billion a decade ago. The early 1990s saw the dramatic increase in the flows of private capital from the industrialcountries to the emerging countries. This was partly contributed by pension funds from the United States and Europe in searchfor higher returns overseas. The amount of private capital flowing into emerging markets was US$50 billion in 1990; the figurewas US$336 billion in 1996. With greater international capital flows, financial markets become more volatile as money movesacross borders with a mere keystroke of a computer. The unusual successful economic performance in the region attractedlarge inflows of foreign portfolio funds into the Asia Pacific region, which became a root cause for the currency crisis. Duringthe early to mid-1990s, China recorded growth rates between 9-14 per cent per annum, while Indonesia, Malaysia, andThailand experienced high annual growth rates that ranged between 7-12 per cent. Rapid growth rates were also recorded inSingapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. While there were sizeable current account deficits for some countries, especially for Malaysia and Thailand, these were theoutcome of the shortfalls of private savings to match private investment, not public sector dissaving. Foreign capital inflowsmade up for the shortfall in national savings to meet the very high national investment. While the net private inflows for Chinaand Vietnam were foreign, direct investment (FDI) dominated, short-term inflows were substantial for Indonesia, South Korea,Malaysia, and the Philippines. Thailand had a high level of short-term inflows of around 7-10 per cent of GDP. During1995-96, Malaysias short-term capital was 4-4.5 per cent of GDP, while its FDI was at 5 per cent of GDP. The decline in asset yields in the industrial economies prompted fund managers to invest into the Asian emerging assets, whichgave higher returns. The ASEAN countries suffered losses in competitiveness when the U.S. dollar, against which theircurrencies were closely linked, appreciated against the yen beginning in mid-1995. The rapid economic growth of theSoutheast Asian economies was accompanied by rapid credit growth to the private sector and asset price inflation, including inreal estate markets and in equity markets, rising the concern that their exchange rates were not sustainable. Weakness in the financial sector compounded the problem. The financial institutions in Thailand, Indonesia, and South Koreawere weakened by large-scale exposure to the property sector, high non-performing loans, and short-term loans that wereunhedged against currency movements. Inadequate disclosure of information and data deficiencies increased uncertainty andadversely affected confidence. There was also the lack of transparency in policy implementation. A brief explanation about IMFIMF is not a charitable institution, nor does it carry out its operations at taxpayers expense. It operates much like a creditunion. On joining the IMF, each member country subscribes a sum of money called its quota. Members normally pay 25percent of their quota subscriptions out of their foreign reserves, the rest in their national currencies. The quota is like a depositin the credit union, and the country continues to own it. The size of the quota determines the countrys voting rights, and theUnited States, with over 18 percent of the share, is the largest shareholder. Many essential issues require an 85 percentmajority, so that the United States effectively has a veto over major Fund decisions. When a member borrows from the Fund,it exchanges a certain amount of its own national currency for the use of an equivalent amount of currency of a country in astrong external position. The borrowing country pays interest at a floating market rate on the amount it has borrowed, while thecountry whose currency is being used receives interest. Since the interest received from the IMF is broadly in line with marketrates, the provision of financial resources to the Fund has involved little cost, to the creditor countries, including the UnitedStates. MF- Supported Programs in AsiaIMF-supported program to countries like Thailand, Indonesia and Korea have called for a substantial rise in interest rates toattempt to halt the downward spiral of currency depreciation. Over US$100 billion has been committed to the region under theIMF auspices since the crisis began. Conditions attached to the loans parallel those of the Latin America crisis of the 1980s. These programs have called for forceful, up-front action to put the financial system on a sounder footing as soon as possible. The fiscal programs vary from country to country. In each case, the IMF asked for a fiscal adjustment that would cover thecarrying costs of financial sector restructuringthe full cost of which is being spread over many yearsand to help restore asustainable balance of payments. In Thailand, this translated into an initial fiscal adjustment of 3 percent of GDP; in Korea, 11/2 percent of GDP; and in Indonesia, 1 percent of GDP, much of which will be achieved by reducing public investment inproject with low economic returns. .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .postImageUrl , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:hover , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:visited , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:active { border:0!important; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:active , .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uad0a3d423cc01f0af0c9b7efffb0de2e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An inquiry into ophelias madne EssayWorld Banks Agenda to Restructuring the East Asian EconomyThese are long-term issues and fixing the problems in these respective areas will take many years. Restructuring the industrialsector, changing the governance of the banking and the corporate sector and the relationship to the States, and adjusting theglobalization process to the level and capacities of the economy is not something than can done easily. Since the beginning of this crisis, about $110 billion have fled out the five major crisis countries Korea, Thailand, Indonesia,Malaysia, Philippines. This is about 10 per cent of the GDP of these countries. In addition to that, credits banking credits havealso been reduced by about $88 billion which is approximately another 8 per cent of the GDP. It means that about worth 18per cent of the GDP of these countries has just vanished in terms of funding of the economies. This withdrawal of funds has hadthe tremendous impact on the stock market and the exchange rate. Automatic corrections should come from the depreciationof the exchange rates and from the booming of exports. Japan is in recession and is extremely sensitive to the region. The totalamount of credits that the Japanese bank banking sector has allocated or distributed to the region is worth about 40 per cent ofits total, still in these five countries it is worth about 40 per cent of its capital. Given the vulnerability of t he economies it is amajor additional problem for the Japanese financial sector. Japan is exporting about 20 per cent is making about 20 per centof its exports in these countries, and the collapse of the economies there is impacting its performance. These countries aremaking between 15 and 25 per cent of their trade with Japan, and the recession in Japan is a major blow for all of them and isa major reason for this low demand that they are met with. In order to get out of the crisis, World Bank addressed the issue of clarifying the environment. One has to have a dynamicJapanese economy since Japan is an engine of growth in the region. The potential of the exports in Europe and in the US,provided these economies remain in an acceptable shape, or dynamic as is the case in the US, the potential for export cannotcompensate in the short run for the decline in the markets in the regional and Japanese markets. Another issue is within theregion itself within the countries. However, the ques tion is how to move an entire region up at the same time, given the fact thatthere is no possibility of success for an isolated country in such a depressing regional environment. There is no alternative tomore expansionary micro policies right now. Inflating the domestic demand is the only way in which we can break the viciouscircle of transmission of contagion from one country to the other. Another important thing is that there is room for major social programs in the region. These countries will not get through thecrisis without a very strong, very dynamic, very well thought social agenda. These agenda may be worth two, three, or fourpoints of GDP worth of public money. This is money, which is well invested and will pay off over the years especially as thesecountries have not right now social safety net they have developed. There is also a third use of the money, which is therecapitalization of the banking sector. Recapitalization by public funds of the banking sector makes sense only if in order tohave successful privatization process when the situation of the economy improves. IMF Bailout Rescuing the RichOxfam International Briefing, April 1998Oxfam International is concerned that IMF programs have been designed primarily with a view to bailing out recklessinternational investors, whose activities have contributed to the present crisis. The implication of the poor has been leftunconsidered. There is clear evidence of increasing poverty and hardship among the vulnerable communities, which Oxfamworks. There is now a real danger that a combination of deflationary policies and cuts in social sector funding will erode thesignificant advances made in poverty reduction over recent decades. In Indonesia, Oxfam estimates that the number of people living below the poverty line could quadruple over the next 6 monthsto affect 40 per cent of the population- the same incidence as in 1977. The number of people living in poverty will rise from 23million to 100 million this year, with devastating implications for human welfare and social stability. Long-standing developmentproblems in Indonesia such as high maternal mortality rate, lack of access to safe water for 80 million people, wideningdisparities in income- are bound to worsen. Recent field visits from Oxfam staff already point to distressing expansion ofpoverty in Indonesia, because of economic crisis and a prolonged draught. There are huge number of people out of work, asharp rise in the price of essential food and non-food items, the breakdown of the distribution of basic goods and services andthe increasing violations of human rights. In West Timor, 75 per cent of families are eating one meal a day that often includesA putak, @ the bark of a tree normally used as cattle feed. Million of Indonesian households can no longer afford basic care, tosend their children to school, or to buy enough food. Many are meeting immediate needs by selling assets, thus risking plungingfurther into poverty as the crisis continues. In Thailand, a recent World Bank report highlights the impact on the poor increased unemployment; price rises in basicfoodstuffs and cuts in basic services. In particular, the report emphasizes the impact of the crises on children. As family incomesfall, growing numbers have been forced to work, beg or enter prostitution. School drop out rates has risen and some familiescan no longer affords education or transport. In Thailand, unemployment is expected to rise to 1.7 million in the coming year. IMF insufficient attention has been paid to the specific circumstance of East Asia. Conditions attached to the loans parallelthose of the Latin America crises of the 1980s, demands massive deflation, with cuts in public spending and high interest ratesas the main policy instruments. The bias towards deflation and fiscal austerity is not only inappropriate, given the underlyingeconomic conditions, but threatens to turn recession into a full blown depression, with its attendant problems in terms of massunemployment and rising poverty. Monetary and fiscal policy has been tightened to the point of strangulation, threatening to killor disable the patient during the first phase of treatment. For instance in South Korea, the IMF wants to see interest ratesdoubled to more than 15 per cent. This will inevitable lead to the early collapse of many companies, resulting in a loss ofproduction and employment opportunities. Intense fiscal pressure are also being applied to Thailand, where public spending isto be reduced by the equivalent of 3 per cent of GDP. In Indonesia, public spending is scheduled to fall by around 10 per cent. .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .postImageUrl , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:hover , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:visited , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:active { border:0!important; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:active , .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0 .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufb31d4de988c38cdf022d54f6cb6a9e0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Travel Essay - Trip to the BahamasAccording to Indonesian Government sources, as many as 1.6 million primary and junior secondary school students may beforced to withdraw from school. In real terms, government budgets for health and education have fallen dramatically. Reduction in public spending could act as a further driving force for poverty, reducing basic services to the poor at preciselythe time when the need for them is increasing. The immediate consequences will be registered in the form of reducedopportunities for education and health. In the longer term, public spending cuts could sever the link, which has been establishbetween growth and equity, to the detriment of both. For instance, Thailands economic problems are related to a deepeningskill shortage in sectors vital for the transition to a more diverse and technologically sophisticated economy. Deterioratingeducational performance will undermine prospects for such a transition. ConclusionBased on the analysis given by various sources that we gathered, we conclude that the root cause of the currency crisis inSouth East Asia is due to large inflows in the form of credits and portfolio investment as well as capital through multinationalcorporations, largely came from investors in the Un ited States and Western Europe. The unusual successful economicperformance in the region attracted these inflows into the region. Most of our sources stated that, while these inflows hadpermitted faster growth, they had allowed domestic banks to expand lending rapidly, fueling imprudent investments andunrealistic increases in asset prices. According to Jeff Sachs, the Director of the Harvard Institute for InternationalDevelopment, Thailand, in 1997, overvaluation of the real exchange rate, coupled with booming bank lending, heavily directedat real estate. The overvaluation tended to push new investment towards non-tradable sectors-notably construction awayfrom the tradable sectors that are necessary to provide the wherewithal for future servicing of foreign debts. Several sourcesmentioned that most economies pegged their currencies to the dollar in recent years, even though their trade with theadvance countries was roughly equally divided between the US, Europe and Japan. When the dollar appreciated sharplyagainst the yen and the European currencies after 1995, emerging-markets currencies were pulledalong in its wake made their exports less competitive. Another source, IMF, stated that the key domestic factors that led to theeconomic crisis appeared to have been: First, the failure to dampen overheating pressurethat had become increasingly evident in Thailand and many other countries in the region and were manifested in large externaldeficits and property and stock market bubbles; second, the maintenance of pegged exchange rate regimes for too long, whichencourage external borrowing and led to excessive exposure to foreign risk in both the financial and corporatesectors; and third, according to them, lax prudential rules and financial oversight, which led to a sharp deterioration in thequality of banks loan portfolios. IMF further stated that political uncertainties and doubt about the authorities commitment and ability to implement thenecessary adjustment an d reforms exacerbated pressures on currencies and stock markets. They also blamed the emergingcountries reluctance to tighten monetary conditions and to close insolvent financial institutions as an addition to the turbulence inthe financial markets. Countries like Thailand and Indonesia turned to IMF, the World Bank and other countries for financialassistance but insufficient attention, especially by IMF hasbeen paid to the specific circumstances of East Asia. Their programs have been designed primarily with a view to bailing outreckless international investors and implication of the poor has been left unconsidered. The bias towards deflation and fiscalausterity is not only inappropriate, but also threatens to turn recession into full-blown depression. IMF appliedintense fiscal pressure to those countries such as Thailand and Indonesia where public spending was to be reduced by theequivalent 3 per cent of GDP and 10 per cent of GDP consecutively. Reduction in public spending,for exa mple, was in the form of reduced opportunities for education and health. In Indonesia, for example, according toIndonesia Government source, as many as 1.6 million primary and junior secondary school students may be forced towithdraw from school. George Soros, in his testimony to the U.S. House of Representatives on September 15, 1998, IMF imposed tough conditionson the country concerned but did not imposed tough penalties on the lenders and the treatment on on lenders and borrowersneeded to to be corrected. Chairman Alan Greenspan, in his testimonies before the Committee on Banking and Financial Services, U.S. House ofRepresentatives on November 13, 1997, stated that the recent crises would arguably have been better contained iflong-maturities properties loans had not accentuated the usual mismatch between maturities of assets and liabilities of domesticfinancial systems that were far from robust to begin with. Greenspan advised economic policy makers in Asia to fend offdomestic pr esures that seek disengagement from the world trading and financial system.

Definition and Examples of Hypernyms in English

Definition and Examples of Hypernyms in English In  linguistics  and  lexicography, a  hypernym is a  word whose meaning includes the meanings of other words. For instance, flower is a hypernym of daisy and rose. Adjective:  hypernymous. Put another way, hypernyms (also called superordinates and supertypes) are general words; hyponyms  (also called subordinates) are subdivisions of more general words. The semantic relationship between each of the more specific words (e.g., daisy and rose) and the more general term (flower) is called hyponymy or inclusion. Etymology From the Greek, extra name Examples and Observations [A] hypernym is a broad, superordinate label that applies to many members of a set, while the members themselves are the hyponyms. Hyponymy is a hierarchical relationship, and it may consist of a number of levels. For example, dog is a hyponym of animal, but it is also the hypernym of poodle, alsatian, chihuahua, terrier, beagle and so on. (Jan McAllister and James E. Miller, Introductory Linguistics for Speech and Language Therapy Practice. Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) A hypernym is a word with a general meaning that has basically the same meaning of a more specific word. For example, dog is a hypernym, while collie and chihuahua are more specific subordinate terms. The hypernym tends to be a basic-level category that is used by speakers with high frequency; speakers usually refer to collies and chihuahuas as dogs, rather than using the subordinate terms, which are consequently of relatively low frequency. (Laurie Beth Feldman, Morphological Aspects of Language Processing. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1995) The foot of footstep narrows down the type of step being expressed to the step made by a foot. A footstep is a kind of step; or, in more technical terms, footstep is a hyponym, or subtype, of step, and step is a hypernym, or supertype, of footstep. . . . Doorstep is also a hyponym of step, and step is a hypernym of doorstep. (Keith M. Denning, Brett Kessler, and William Ronald Leben, English Vocabulary Elements. Oxford University  Press, 2007) Hypernyms, Hyponyms, and Connotations Hyponyms are more likely to carry  strong connotations than  hypernyms, though this is not an invariable rule. The word animal can carry negative connotations in metaphors such as He behaved like an animal. However, more specific connotations can be carried by the use of more specific words. He ate like a pig. You rat! Shes a bitch. (Maggie Bowring et al.,  Working with Texts: A Core Introduction to Language Analysis.  Routledge, 1997) A Method of Definition The most illuminating way of defining a lexeme is to provide a hypernym along with various distinguishing features- an approach to definition whose history can be traced back to Aristotle. For example, a majorette is a girl (the hypernym) who twirls a baton and accompanies a marching band. It is usually possible to trace a hierarchical path through a dictionary, following the hypernyms as they become increasingly abstract until we arrive at such general notions (essence, being, existence) that clear sense-relations between the lexemes no longer exist. (David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge University  Press, 2003) Alternate Spellings: hyperonym

A Study On The Biology And Health Essay Vaccination, Immune system, V

The Necessity of Vaccines in the Modern World Vaccines are a controversial topic in modern issues, there has been the of an anti-vaccine movement, bent on stopping the immunization of children. This movement fears that their children will contract Autism through vaccines. Should va... ...person, in the interest of the nation as a whole. While neither extreme is good, something needs to be done to keep the vaccination rate under control. Therefore as just as how the affordable care act required that Americans buy health insurance to insure themselves, and that if they do not they would be taxed a certain amount(Cornell), just so, we should pass a law or include an amendment on the Affordable care act to include vaccinations of those able to receive it as a requirement(Cornell). Without a doubt this action will cause many to be upset, and many will oppose this action, the supreme court has already affirmed that the US has the right to tax, and thus the fee levied by this action will be treated as a tax. Thus we should make vaccination mandatory, the beliefs of a few persons is easily outweighed by the safety we need to provide to the nation as a whole.

Label and Delinquency (Criminal Justice) Assignment

Label and Delinquency (Criminal Justice) - Assignment Example Finally, this paper aimed to assess the robustness of labeling in explaining the different types of delinquency (Adams, et.al., 2003). The analysis on this paper which shall now follow aims to offer an overview of how this research was conducted, the subjects used, and the overall findings of the research. It also aims to present a personal opinion on whether or not this student felt that the authors looked at relevant and pertinent information and data in the article, including the most interesting findings in the article and why. Finally a recap of the pertinent findings and this student’s overall opinion on the article including recommendations on how this article may be improved shall be presented in this paper. The research was conducted by assessing the high school students’ attitudes and behaviors regarding drugs and delinquency in Mississippi. Respondents were juveniles who were held in two training schools in July of 1992. The respondents were mostly from the rural areas. These respondents were also remanded to the custody of the Mississippi Youth Services for behavior which ranged from status offenses to gang-related activities. The research was conducted on group settings with about 25 juveniles per group. A research questionnaire was answered by said respondents. Researchers used overhead projectors and they read each item to the different respondents. There were 337 juveniles who were qualified for the research, and about 277 ended up participating in the study. Reasons like court appointment, preparation for release, and solitary confinement prevented the other respondents from participating in this research. Teachers, peers, and parents were also included as respondents. T hese three groups assessed the informal labeling placed on these delinquents. The data gathered was later coded based on the different variables included in this research. After coding, an index of six contrasting descriptive adjectives was used to

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead by Tom Stoppard Movie Review

Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead by Tom Stoppard - Movie Review Example The death of the two minor characters is very tragic and depicted in a manner similar to the death of a major character in any play. The deaths are given some importance even though they are not very meaningful, every man is mortal and will at one time die (Stoppard 110).the play is also full of humor and the use of suspense which brings about the need for the people wanting to watch more of the play. For the play to be produced, it will seek funding from various places like the corporate support. Private institutions and business help in the funding through the PBS general fund though the funds are very limited and cannot sustain the whole production. In addition, the production of the play funded by the program also funds television based programs and those projects that have goals and objectives that are well established. The other source of funding is the national endowment for arts, which promotes art in various countries. In addition to that, the national media engagement centre can also help with the funding of the production of the play. Many I TVS today really come in to fund the production of programs that will promote the economy of the country and bring on TV what people like watching. Centers are ready to promote art in the world, and these centers provide the funds for the production of their work, and discover talent and promote it fully by funding it. The public broadcasting corporation also funds projects, which entertain, and are media related. They funds play knowing that they will also benefit in return. The grant makers in film and electronic media also assist artists by funding the production of their work. The stakeholders in the company look at the project and if it qualifies, they can fund the production. Another source for the funding is national endowment for humanities, which help many artists by funding and promoting their work. When approached, they do not take much time in supporting the production if the work is appealing to

Double-Consciousness Under the White Gaze Essay Example for Free

Double-Consciousness Under the White Gaze Essay The theme of double-consciousness was first defined by Du Bois in The Souls of the Black Folk. He put the term â€Å"double-consciousness† in a world which yields him no true self-consciousness, but only lets him see himself through the revelation of the other world. It is a peculiar sensation, this double-consciousness, this sense of always looking at ones self through the eyes of others, of measuring ones soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity. One ever feels his twoness—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. (Du Bois) It is obvious that the protagonist as well as several lesser characters in Maud Martha by Gwendolyn Brooks suffer from this distressing double-consciousness, especially Maud Martha. Maud Martha realized that she was not the cherished one because of her darker skin color at an very early age, thus â€Å"to be cherished was the dearest wish of the heart of Maud Martha Brown†. ( Brooks 1650) In her own family, her beloved father preferred her sister Helen because Helen was lighter; At school her schoolmates also liked Helen and ignored her; When she grew into womanhood and got married, her husband Paul also showed a partiality to lighter women. Martha’s father, classmates and husband acted this way because as black people they themselves were treated as inferior creatures all the time by white Americans. Under this white gaze, the value that the black was inferior was accepted and internalized by the gazed over time. This internalizing also happened to Martha as she struggled all the way to build up her subjectivity. That accounts for her inferiority about her appearance and jealous of Helen her prettier. When a white schoolmate Charles came to visit Martha, she should feel â€Å"a sort of gratitude. † (Brooks 1653) According to Michel Foucault, the gaze is actually imposed upon people by themselves even though it looks like that it is imposed from something superior upon everyone. No need for weapons, physical violence or prohibition, it takes only a surveillant gaze to humble anyone, to make them the overseers of themselves. Luckily, Martha was a woman with artistic sensibility. Although living an ordinary life in a racist world, still she can find beauty and dignity in her life. When she spared the mouse, she experienced a new cleanness in her because â€Å"she had not destroyed. In the center of that simple restraint was—creation. She had created a piece of life. It was wonderful. †(Brooks 1667) This is a prelude revealing that her subjectivity was budding. Later when she gave birth to a daughter, her subjectivity was much improved by this motherhood—she did create a new life who was totally dependent on her at that time. At the beauty salon, she was shocked that the salon owner Mrs. Johnson just put up with a white saleswoman’s humiliation of referring them as â€Å"niggers†. It is not difficult to associate to what happened when Martha went to millinery with this. She decided against the hat even though the owner promised to cut price, and this lack of manners was attributed to her skin color by the salesgirl. â€Å"Black—oh,black† Her subjectivity is helpful yet not strong enough to fight everything. When Paul was laid off she went to work as a house maid in the Burns-Coopers’, she experienced that white gaze even more violently because the white woman Mrs. Coopers showed obvious contempt towards her. At this moment, she suddenly realized what her husband had suffered all the time in his working environment. Feeling this humiliation, she quitted the job the next day. She understood better about the struggles and frustrations caused by the white American now, even though she could not do much about it. She was always sensitive to the exclusion of the Negro in a white world, yet even cannot explain to her little girl why a store Santa Claus did not like her- or even smile at her—a wishful blindness. No matter what, Martha never gave up her love for life. At the end of the novella, Martha’s brother was back from the wars alive and well which made her sense the beauty of life again. She went such a long way fighting the confliction in her life, the problem of double identity and double-consciousness, and found her equanimity finally. So she would think that â€Å"At a moment like this one was ready for anything, was not afraid of anything†¦.. At a moment like this, one could even think of death with a sharp exhilaration, feel that death was a part of life; that life was good and death would be good too. † This reconciliation can be considered as Martha’s triumph of the struggle. In a word, Maud Martha captures the essence of Black life with regard to their double-consciousness under the white gaze, and Brooks recognizes the beauty and strength that lies within each of us. References: The Souls of the Black Folk, Du Bois, W. E. B. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison , Michel Foucault Maud Martha, Gwendolyn Gwendolyn.

diamond industry Essay -- essays research papers

The value of diamonds lies on their physical properties that make them suitable for many applications. Natural diamonds are only of high value if they are scarce in nature. Realizing this, De Beers Consolidated Mines was formed to control the supply of diamonds from mines across the world. The diamond market is influenced by mine production, rough diamond distribution, preparation/cutting, and retail markets. The project will be concentrating on the retail markets for diamonds and other high end jewelry. Jewelry purchases are highly discretionary because they are heavily affected by adverse trends in the general economy and are measured by disposable consumer income. The first half of fiscal 2003 can be described with a lackluster economy, lower consumer confidence and an unstable geopolitical environment. However, general economic conditions and consumer confidence improved in the second half of fiscal 2003, resulting with increased sales. Since the economy has taken some major strides towards recovery, the jewelry industry represents a bullish market. Large and small retailers are evaluating expansion opportunities outside of the traditional regional mall venue. With this in mind, it is the intention of this paper to assess the comprehensive strategies of the cyclical retail jewelry industry. In this highly competitive industry which is extremely sensitive to the level of discretionary consumer income and the subsequent impact of the type of good purchased, competitors include foreign and domestic guild and premier luxury jewelers, specialty stores, national and regional jewelry chains, and department stores. To a lesser extent there exist catalog showrooms, discounters, direct mail suppliers, televised home shopping networks, and jewelry retailers who make sales through internet sites. It is a highly fragmented US market estimated at approximately 54 billion dollars. The breakup of the industry is accordingly: mass merchants representing 10%, chain jewelers with 100+ stores as 14%, chain department stores representing 12%, TV home shopping with 4%, independent jewelers taking the largest share at 36% and other (general, misc.) accounting for 24%. (Please refer to exhibit E) The specialty retailers with the highest sales are Zale Corp ($2.2Bn), Signet US($1.7Bn), Tiffany ($.8Bn) other players include Friedman’s ($.4Bn) Whitehall ($.3Bn), and Samuels ($.1... ...d consignment terms have become the norm for wholesalers to extend to their retail partners. A good proportion of the inventory costs are transferred to wholesalers through these consignment purchases. Since jewelry is not a perishable good such as the garments and shoe industries, it still works as an asset even if the retailer returns the merchandise back to the wholesaler. The amount of power that a retailer has is directly correlated to the size of their operation. Only a few companies command extensive volumes. To fill the capacity present in most factories owned by wholesalers they require these volumes to remain profitable. Due to these factors, the major chain stores are able to leverage better financing, costs, and payment terms than the rest of the industry. The largest percentage of jewelers can be categorized as independent jewelers accounting for 36% of the overall market. Their ability to leverage power comes from their financial credibility in the market. Jewelry, being a luxury good and furthermore having high costs leads to great losses in the cases of defaults. Thus, the financial strength of these companies dictates the amount of power they have in the industry.

Automobile and South Africa Essay

1.) Cultural differences have a great effect on how Renault-Nissan operates in South Africa. South Africa is known for its ethnic and cultural diversity. Therefore, in my opinion they would need managers that know the country and how its people do business. Though some of South Africa is a lot like Western Europe, there are eight different languages spoke in South Africa, so having a person from Rosslyn managing the plant would be beneficial. South Africa has been referred to as the â€Å"rainbow† nation, I believe that in order for Renault-Nissan to be successful they will have to do their homework and find a person that knows the country’s customs and traditions to lead them into an emerging market in South Africa. 2.) Culture is a huge factor in Auto sales. For example, in Europe gas is around $8.00 a gallon, if Ford took their F-250 (which gets around 12mpg) into the European market it would fail miserably. It is not because the Ford F-250 is not a quality truck, it is because this truck does not fit into what is now part of the European culture. Also Europeans do not have the same tastes in cars that Americans do so, car companies do research to find out what Europeans look for when they are buying a car. This is how culture affects the auto industry. 3.) I do not believe that it is possible for a car company to transcend national culture and produce a global automobile that is accepted by people in every culture. Though car companies can get away for making a regional automobile for a specific region of the world, there are too many cultural differences that that affect each market to make a â€Å"worldwide† vehicle. Like I said before Europeans have different tastes in automobiles than Americans, Africans, Chinese, Japanese, Indians, and the rest of the world.

Fashion and Social Media

Psychology of Clothing Youngstown State University November 21, 2013 The fashion industry is uniquely positioned to take full advantage of the power of social media. Being an exceedingly visual and expressive industry with an engaged consumer base, the increased publicity and interactivity that social media provides lends itself particularly well to brands in the industry. Twitter, one the leading social media sites. Has also established a presence at major events in the fashion world.An example is Fashion Week, where the fashion house Barberry broke barriers and instilled innovation by live-tweeting photographs of models Just before they stepped on the catwalk at London Fashion Week. It gave individuals an unparalleled look behind the scenes, which in return made â€Å"#Barberry' the second most trending topic on Twitter at that time. Other leaders within the fashion industry are taking to the idea twitter and social media as a whole to expand the relevance of the industry on their take. They are tons of professionals within our industry who can accommodate just about any individuals' style and taste.For the purpose of this paper the focus as on four leaders within the fashion industry. Cosmetic Brands M. A. C cosmetics (@MACcosmectics) and Amiability Cosmetics (@Maybelline) Creative Director of ELL Magazine Joe Zee (@mrJoezee) and finally the website and blob dedicated to everything beauty, Into the Gloss (@lntoTheGloss). Over the past several months, there were key significances with each, first M. A. C cosmetic's re launch Of VIVA Glam, since the first campaign was unveiled in 1994 which features a beautifully creamy shade of deep red where all proceeds went to aids research. But the biggest part of he re launch was when M.A. C cosmetic's revealed via twitter that Rueful was returning to front the one that started it all: Viva Glam 1. Next is Amiability New York Cosmetics, Something very admirable is that they actually reply back to their followers in rega rds to questions, concerns and the whole nine. Also they rewet pictures of individual wearing products for their line as well. Something on trend is the innovation of plums colors which are perfect for the fall and also globalization is a trend with the recent opening of a corporate branch in Lagos, Nigeria which events arm the red carpet opening party trending that night.Next is Ell Creative Director Joe Zee. I'd like to call him Fashion's Approachable Ambassador because given his status within the fashion industry he really connects with his followers by tweeting things within his every life as well as live tweet photos from front row runway shows and event parties within the fashion industry and oncoming trends and sneak peeks within ELL magazine's upcoming issues. Lastly is into the gloss, being an individual who loves makeup would preferable loved work within the beauty part of the fashion industry, I take a lot in from this twitter page, which is no secret my favorite.They are always ahead with the latest trends and innovations regarding all things beauty with an editorial feel. The instant update regarding the latest breakthrough trends are something waiting for. Using twitter in the fashion industry is a win / win for both the individuals and the fashion Houses or leaders. Brands use it to expand and reach to the specific target market using social networking sites like Twitter. Twitter and Social media in the fashion industry is important basically cuts out the middle man while creating a direct communication method between the buyer and seller.The fashion industry literally have uncovered a one of the secrets to success through consumer driving inspiration and testing trends. Which ultimately allows the ability to identify and capitalize on what's currently trending and hot in the industry early, which can make all the difference to a fashion brand or retailer's predominance in the industry, with the ability to amplify the buzz. The best thing about this twitter assignment was the ability to really identify with what part of the fashion industry o wanted to be a part of by following certain people, whether that be Journalist, photographer, marketing or beauty for example.Twitter is the ultimate form of communication with brands and leaders because, like mentioned before they really respond back to their followers creating a one-on-one feel and instilling inspiration to that follower as well, so I would suggest if anything use twitter as platform for professional reasons to get your name out there and be a part of communities full of individuals with similar interest and for that reason alone, is why I will continue to use twitter.

The Myers

The Myers Identifying the specifics of one’s personality and determining how these unique characteristics will shape one’s professional growth is a challenging task. Because of the large number of aspects, which a personality can be evaluated from, it is rather hard to keep the focus on what is important.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Herein the significance and doubtless superiority of the MBTI test compared to other personality analysis tools lies: it helps one assess one’s personality from a number of perspectives, at the same time keeping the focus on identifying the environment, in which the customer is likely to grow professionally and experience job satisfaction (Henkel, Marion, and Bordeaux 16). Taking MBTI, one is likely to notice that it provides a detailed analysis of the aspects of one’s personality such as in troversion/extroversion, intuitiveness/observation, thinking/feeling, judging/prospecting, and assertiveness/turbulence (â€Å"Our Theory† par. 1). Consequently, the possibility to determine whether one is likely to be a leader or a staff member, whether one likes to be a team member or to work on their own, etc. is provided. The test, therefore, can be viewed as a rather valid tool for testing one’s personality. The number of aspects, which MBTI allows integrating into the assessment, creates premises for a very objective and detailed evaluation of the participant, therefore providing solid grounds for defining the tools that can be used for improving one’s process of knowledge and skills acquisition: â€Å"The personality profiles yielded by the MBTI are observed to enhance peer educator awareness of themselves and others during the training, and this is perceived as an essential starting point in developing their skills in helping others† (Munro 1). Li kewise, the tool in question can be used quite successfully in career counseling. Providing a sound foundation for making assumptions regarding one’s communication specifics, the degree of introversion and extroversion, and helping one locate one’s source of excitement and calm, MBTI serves as a perfect means of defining the leadership qualities and the ability of the candidate to communicate. Consequently, the process of determining the possible path of one’s career development becomes much easier: â€Å"certain personality types were more likely to be promoted than others† (Furnham and Crump 1515). Claiming that MBTI defines the course of one’s career development entirely, however, would be quite a stretch. Whereas the aforementioned test can and should be incorporated into the array of techniques used for career counseling, it informs the strategy that a career council considers appropriate, yet does not necessarily define it. The MBTI test prov ides a deep insight into the environment, in which the candidate is likely to feel encouraged for the further development, including personal and professional one; however, it does not restrict one to a particular amount of choices (Muller and Pennington 67).Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the test under analysis offers a plethora of opportunities for an adequate evaluation of the client’s personality features and character traits, which determine the environment, in which one is likely to evolve professionally, the test should be included in the set of tools used by a career council. It should be borne in mind, though, that the tool under analysis only serves as the means of identifying the methods of discovering and developing the abilities of the client. When used the proper way, MBTI will empower career councils to help their customers explore the lat ter’s strengths and weaknesses to identify the environment, in which they are likely to grow both personally and professionally. Appendix A: MBTI Results (â€Å"Your Personality Type Is: Logician (INTP-T)† par. 1) Appendix B: Results Description Furnham, Adrian and John Crump. â€Å"The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and Promotion at Work.† Psychology 2015.6 (2015): 1510–1515. Print. Henkel, Thomas, James Marion, and Debra Bordeaux. â€Å"Researching MBTI Personality Types: Project Management Master’s Degree Students.† The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning 11.1 (2015): 14–23. Print. Muller, Rick and Karen Pennington. â€Å"Using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ® and Ignatian Pedagogy Model for Improved Learning in Master’s Level Finance Classes for Nurses.† Jesuit Higher Education 3.1 (2014): 64–74. Print.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Myers-Briggs Type Indi cator (MBTI) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Munro, Nicholas. â€Å"The Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator in Peer Education: A Positive Psychological Approach to Peer Educator Training and Peer to Peer Based Interventions in Higher Education.† Journal of Counselling and Development in Higher Education Southern Africa 1.1 (2011): 1–11. Print. Our Theory n. d. Web. https://www.16personalities.com/articles/our-theory. Your Personality Type Is: Logician (INTP-T) 2015. Web. https://www.16personalities.com/intp-personality.

Letter to the ceo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter to the ceo - Essay Example f the most important benefit of CMM approach is the fact that this approach is evolutionary in nature therefore has the necessary flexibility as well as robustness which allow to improve upon the process of overall software development. Accordingly, there are five maturity levels of the CMM model. All these levels carry forward the process of software development in a systematic way emphasizing the need for continuously improving processes.(Garner, 2001). It is important to mention that one of the greatest benefits of the CMM approach is the fact that the processes it focus on the need for bringing in more institutionalization in the whole process of software development. (Wiegers, 1996). If the process of institutionalization i.e. reflection of the practices and processes to be applied across the software organization, does not support the process of software development, the whole point of applying CMM would go awry and the approach may not yield the desired results for the organization. As discussed above that the CMM has defined 5 different maturity levels for the process with each level having different requirements to fulfill to achieve the desired level of quality in the software development process. At the initial or first level, the success largely depends upon the individual efforts as the processes adopted at this stage are considered as non repeatable therefore they may not be easily replicated. However, as the software development process transforms itself into the next phase or maturity level, the process can be repeated as till now the main project management techniques should have been clearly defined and outlined. What is difficult however is the fact that as the process goes into the next stage; it starts to become more complex in nature. Organisations usually find it difficult to follow the process and bring the required changes into its overall organizational process. This becomes further complicated when the issues of measurement as well as

Government 2 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Government 2 - Dissertation Example There are times that legislative branch will require the executive branch to be witness against a certain issue. This executive privilege prevents the executive branch to share information. The executive privilege will make sure that the discussions between the president and his advisers regarding their decision can be protected. If this privilege is eliminated, there will be issues and questions why the executive branch reached to certain decision. It might be that there will be clash in the power in the branches of government. 2. What specific items out to be listed on a report card that is used to evaluate a federal bureaucracy? Bureaucracy is considered a process of organizing people and work based on the principles of hierarchical authority and formalized rule. This is considered the most efficient means to organize people to work in unity on great tasks. American government is in practicing federal bureaucracy. There is fragmentation of power in the American political system. I n order to check the federal bureaucracy, there are specific items used to evaluate this policy or process. The first is to check if the whether the power is disseminated properly.